Cập nhật hệ thống trên CentOS 7.0

Cập nhật hệ thống luôn là một vấn đề quan trọng mà các quản trị viên bắt buộc phải quan tâm. Việc cập nhật hệ thống giúp tăng cường về hiệu suất, các tính năng mới, giảm thiểu lỗi, cũng như giúp hệ thống bảo mật hơn.

YUM là một công cụ quản lý và cài đặt phần mềm trên các hệ thống Red Hat Linux.Ngoài chức năng sử dụng để cài đặt các gói phần mềm mới, YUM cũng được dùng để cập nhật hệ thống một cách tự động và tiện lợi chỉ với một vài dòng lệnh đơn giản.

YUM được viết tắt từ “Yellow dog Update, Modified” và phát triển bởi Duke University. Là tiện ích được cài đặt mặc định trong CentOS, để xem phiên bản củaYUM sử dụng dòng lệnh: yum –version

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[root@server1 ~]# yum --version 3.4.3   Installed: rpm-4.11.1-16.el7.x86_64 at 2014-08-29 09:56   Built    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> at 2014-06-09 18:59   Committed: Panu Matilainen <pmatilai@redhat.com> at 2014-03-24     Installed: yum-3.4.3-118.el7.centos.noarch at 2014-08-29 09:57   Built    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> at 2014-06-27 11:07   Committed: Karanbir Singh <kbsingh@centos.org> at 2014-06-27     Installed: yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch at 2014-08-29 09:57   Built    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> at 2014-06-10 07:49   Committed: Valentina Mukhamedzhanova <vmukhame@redhat.com> at 2014-02-14

Để cập nhật hệ thống, đơn giản chỉ cần sử dụng lệnh yum update:

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[root@server1 ~]# yum -y update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos-hn.viettelidc.com.vn * extras: centos-hn.viettelidc.com.vn * updates: centos-hn.viettelidc.com.vn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 will be updated ---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0 will be an update ---> Package NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 will be updated ---> Package NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0 will be an update ---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-13.git20140326.4dba720.el7 will be updated ---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0 will be an update ---> Package centos-release.x86_64 0:7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.3 will be updated ---> Package centos-release.x86_64 0:7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.5 will be an update ---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be updated ---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.2.el7_0 will be an update ---> Package dhclient.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7.centos will be updated ---> Package dhclient.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7.centos.1 will be an update . . . . ---> Package tuned.noarch 0:2.3.0-11.el7_0.3 will be an update ---> Package tzdata.noarch 0:2014b-1.el7 will be updated ---> Package tzdata.noarch 0:2014e-1.el7_0 will be an update ---> Package yum-plugin-fastestmirror.noarch 0:1.1.31-24.el7 will be updated ---> Package yum-plugin-fastestmirror.noarch 0:1.1.31-25.el7_0 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution   Dependencies Resolved   ============================================================================================================== Package                        Arch         Version                                      Repository     Size ============================================================================================================== Installing: kernel                         x86_64       3.10.0-123.6.3.el7                           updates        29 M kernel-devel                   x86_64       3.10.0-123.6.3.el7                           updates       8.9 M Updating: NetworkManager                 x86_64       1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0       updates       1.4 M NetworkManager-glib            x86_64       1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0       updates       369 k NetworkManager-tui             x86_64       1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0       updates       191 k centos-release                 x86_64       7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.5                      updates        21 k cpp                            x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates       5.9 M dhclient                       x86_64       12:4.2.5-27.el7.centos.1                     updates       276 k dhcp-common                    x86_64       12:4.2.5-27.el7.centos.1                     updates       169 k dhcp-libs                      x86_64       12:4.2.5-27.el7.centos.1                     updates       126 k gcc                            x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates        16 M gcc-c++                        x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates       7.2 M gcc-gfortran                   x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates       6.6 M gnutls                         x86_64       3.1.18-9.el7_0                               updates       609 k initscripts                    x86_64       9.49.17-1.el7_0.1                            updates       422 k json-c                         x86_64       0.11-4.el7_0                                 updates        31 k kernel-headers                 x86_64       3.10.0-123.6.3.el7                           updates       1.4 M kernel-tools                   x86_64       3.10.0-123.6.3.el7                           updates       673 k kernel-tools-libs              x86_64       3.10.0-123.6.3.el7                           updates       612 k kexec-tools                    x86_64       2.0.4-32.el7.centos.2                        updates       321 k libdb                          x86_64       5.3.21-17.el7_0.1                            updates       718 k libdb-utils                    x86_64       5.3.21-17.el7_0.1                            updates       101 k libgcc                         x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates        86 k libgfortran                    x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates       285 k libgomp                        x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates       119 k libgudev1                      x86_64       208-11.el7_0.2                               updates        48 k libquadmath                    x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates       174 k libquadmath-devel              x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates        37 k libstdc++                      x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates       288 k libstdc++-devel                x86_64       4.8.2-16.2.el7_0                             updates       1.5 M libtasn1                       x86_64       3.3-5.el7_0                                  updates       316 k lzo                            x86_64       2.06-6.el7_0.2                               updates        59 k mariadb-libs                   x86_64       1:5.5.37-1.el7_0                             updates       752 k microcode_ctl                  x86_64       2:2.1-7.1.el7_0.2                            updates       490 k nspr                           x86_64       4.10.6-1.el7_0                               updates       125 k nss                            x86_64       3.16.2-2.el7_0                               updates       825 k nss-softokn                    x86_64       3.16.2-1.el7_0                               updates       298 k nss-softokn-freebl             x86_64       3.16.2-1.el7_0                               updates       191 k nss-sysinit                    x86_64       3.16.2-2.el7_0                               updates        49 k nss-tools                      x86_64       3.16.2-2.el7_0                               updates       473 k nss-util                       x86_64       3.16.2-1.el7_0                               updates        69 k openssl                        x86_64       1:1.0.1e-34.el7_0.4                          updates       705 k openssl-libs                   x86_64       1:1.0.1e-34.el7_0.4                          updates       940 k openssl098e                    x86_64       0.9.8e-29.el7.centos.2                       updates       793 k selinux-policy                 noarch       3.12.1-153.el7_0.10                          updates       340 k selinux-policy-targeted        noarch       3.12.1-153.el7_0.10                          updates       3.8 M systemd                        x86_64       208-11.el7_0.2                               updates       2.6 M systemd-libs                   x86_64       208-11.el7_0.2                               updates       153 k systemd-sysv                   x86_64       208-11.el7_0.2                               updates        35 k tuned                          noarch       2.3.0-11.el7_0.3                             updates       145 k tzdata                         noarch       2014e-1.el7_0                                updates       433 k yum-plugin-fastestmirror       noarch       1.1.31-25.el7_0                              updates        28 k   Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================== Install   2 Packages Upgrade  50 Packages   Total download size: 97 M Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. (1/52): centos-release-7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.5.x86_64.rpm                              |  21 kB  00:00:06 (2/52): NetworkManager-tui-0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.x86_64.rpm             | 191 kB  00:00:06 (3/52): dhclient-4.2.5-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm                                      | 276 kB  00:00:00 . . . (51/52): kernel-3.10.0-123.6.3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                          |  29 MB  00:00:26 (52/52): gcc-4.8.2-16.2.el7_0.x86_64.rpm                                               |  16 MB  00:00:35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total                                                                         2.3 MB/s |  97 MB  00:00:42 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction   Updating   : nspr-4.10.6-1.el7_0.x86_64                                                               1/102   Updating   : nss-util-3.16.2-1.el7_0.x86_64                                                           2/102   Updating   : libgcc-4.8.2-16.2.el7_0.x86_64                                                           3/102 . . . . .   Cleanup    : nss-softokn-freebl-3.15.4-2.el7.x86_64                                                 100/102   Cleanup    : json-c-0.11-3.el7.x86_64                                                               101/102   Cleanup    : openssl098e-0.9.8e-29.el7.centos.x86_64                                                102/102   Verifying  : yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-25.el7_0.noarch                                          1/102   Verifying  : gnutls-3.1.18-9.el7_0.x86_64                                                             2/102   Verifying  : selinux-policy-3.12.1-153.el7_0.10.noarch                                                3/102 . . . . .   Verifying  : systemd-libs-208-11.el7.x86_64                                                         100/102   Verifying  : kernel-headers-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64                                                   101/102   Verifying  : centos-release-7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.3.x86_64                                          102/102   Installed:   kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-123.6.3.el7                 kernel-devel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-123.6.3.el7   Updated:   NetworkManager.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0   NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0   NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:0.9.9.1-25.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0 . . . . .   tuned.noarch 0:2.3.0-11.el7_0.3   tzdata.noarch 0:2014e-1.el7_0   yum-plugin-fastestmirror.noarch 0:1.1.31-25.el7_0   Complete! [root@server1 ~]#